Your test results may help your healthcare provider fine-tune your cancer screening plan, including the type, timing (age) of your initial screening, and its frequency.
Examples of cancer screening include: mammogram, breast MRI, colonoscopy, prostate exam, dermatology (skin) exam, or other screenings indicated for your specific cancer risk.
Based on your results, your healthcare provider may review possible cancer prevention options with you, such as prophylactic (preventative) surgery that can reduce the risk for certain cancers.
WHILE MANY PEOPLE HAVE A HISTORY OF CANCER IN THEIR FAMILY, ONLY 5-10% OF CANCER IS HEREDITARY.
Questions and answers
A: Per recommendations from the American Cancer Society (ACS), American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) American College of Radiology (ACR) and others, patients who are at increased risk for breast cancer may be candidates for earlier, more frequent, or additional types of breast cancer screening or may need to consider preventive surgical options. As breast health experts in the community, radiologists at our imaging centers are well positioned to assess patients' risk in order to make personalized imaging recommendations.
A: Your patients will be asked to complete a questionnaire about their personal and family history. This information will be used to run Tyrer-Cuzick, which will calculate your patient's lifetime risk for breast cancer.
A: Identifying patients at increased risk for certain cancers based on clinical or family history risk factors can enable healthcare providers to make personalized medical management recommendations regarding earlier, more frequent or different types of cancer screening, as well as available preventive surgical options. For example, per the American College of Radiology, women with ≥20% lifetime risk for breast cancer should be referred for breast MRI.
A: As part of the CARE program, participating patients will receive pre-test education about genes, hereditary cancer, genetic testing, implications of test results and other topics. Genetic counseling will be made available to all patients who undergo genetic testing. There is no cost to these patients for post-test genetic counseling.
A: Through the CARE program, eligible patients will receive genetic testing through Ambry Genetics. Due to Ambry's extensive contracts with commercial payers (covering 95% of insured lives), testing is affordable and accessible for the majority of patients. Four out of five patients pay $0 and for those who do pay, they pay on average less than $100. For additional questions on billing, please contact Ambry at 949.900.5500 or billing@ambrygen.com
A: In the U.S., the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (2008) prohibits discrimination by health insurance companies and employers, based on genetic information. Visit ginahelp.org to learn more.
A: Your patient's personal and family history of cancer will be evaluated to determine if they are eligible for hereditary cancer genetic testing. Our program uses National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) genetic testing criteria, which outline various factors that may indicate a need for genetic testing, such as type of cancer, age of diagnosis, and number of family members with cancer. Any patient who meets these criteria will be offered genetic testing.
A: For patients who receive a positive genetic test result, recommendations for personalized medical management, including increased cancer screening and sometimes prevention options, may be available. These recommendations vary greatly because there are distinct differences in cancer risks associated with each gene. The vast majority of genes tested have associated medical management guidelines that will guide recommendations for screening and/or preventive surgery. Additionally, closely related family members can be offered testing to learn more about their lifetime risks for certain cancers, so that they can also benefit from personalized medical management.
A: Genetic test results and clear next steps regarding medical management recommendations will be sent to the referring physician, so that he/she is well-equipped to manage the patient's care moving forward. Additionally, genetic counseling will be made available as part of the CARE program.
A: There are numerous professional society guidelines indicating that genetic testing for hereditary cancer is an important part of medical care. Here are a few:
- ACOG Position Statement Recommendations: A hereditary cancer risk assessment is the key to identifying patients and families who may be at increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. This assessment should be performed by an ObGYN or other ObGYN providers, and should be updated regularly.
- American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS): Breast surgeons, genetic counselors, and other medical professionals knowledgeable in genetic testing can provide patient education and counseling and make recommendations to their patients regarding genetic testing and arrange testing. When the patient's test results are complex, referral to a certified genetic counselor or genetics professional may be useful. (Adapted from ASBrS Consensus Guideline, February 2019
Should you have genetic testing?
If you answer “yes” to any of the following questions, hereditary cancer genetic testing may be an option for you.
Have you/your family members been diagnosed with cancer at a young age (<50 years old)?
Has anyone in your family been found to have a cancer gene mutation?
Have 3 or more people on the same side of your family had cancer?
Have you/your family members been diagnosed with cancers that are usually rare, like ovarian cancer or male breast cancer?
Have you/your family members been diagnosed with more than one cancer?
Are you of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry?